 |
The Marana Community in the Hohokam Worldby Suzanne K. Fish, Paul R. Fish, and John H. Madsen, EditorsThe University of Arizona Press, Tucson
|
| Copyright ©1992
The Arizona Board of Regents All rights reserved. No part of this on-line book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the written permission of the University of Arizona Press. |
|
ContentsPreface and Acknowledgements |
|
Chapter 1 |
An Introduction to Time, Place and Research |
| Cultural Diagnostics; Environmental Setting; Core and Peripheral Regions; Regional Character of the Tucson Basin; The Marana Study Area and the Classic Period Community | |
| Chapter 2 | Early Sedentism and Agriculture in the Northern Tucson Basin |
| A Framework for Transition in the Tucson Basin; Agricultural Transition and the Tucson Environment; Late Archaic and Early Ceramic Settlement Patterns; Basic Patterns of Settlement and Production | |
| Chapter 3 | Evolution and Structure of the Classic Period Marana Community |
| Developmental Aspects of the Community Organization; Description of the Marana Community; Economic Differentiation; Evidence for Vertical Organization; Institutions and Social Personae; Abandonment of the Marana Community; The Marana Community in Regional Perspective | |
| Chapter 4 | Parameters of Agricultural Production in the Northern Tucson Basin |
| Consultation with Traditional Farmers; Precipitation and Regional Potential; Agricultural Attributes of Basin Settings; Agricultural Parameters and Regional Land Use | |
| Chapter 5 | An Evaluation of Alluvial Fan Agriculture |
| Geomorphology of Late Holocene Alluvial Fans; AGricultural Potential of Alluvial Fans; Flow Observation on Cottonwood Wash and Derrio Wash; Applications to Prehistoric Agriculture | |
| Chapter 6 | The Dairy Site: Occupational Continuity on an Alluvial Fan |
| The Occupational Sample; Farming and Residence on the Dairy Fan; Subsistence Studies; Continuity in Farming and Settlement | |
| Chapter 7 | Evidence for Large-Scale Agave Cultivation in the Marana Community |
| The Issue of Cultivation; Archaeological Indicators of Cultivation; Estimates from Archaeological Distributions; Implications of Productive Patters in the Classic Period | |
| Chapter 8 | The Archaeology of an Agave Roasting Location |
| Site Description; Field Investigations; Lithic Technology and Agave Processing; Ceramics and Agave Processing; Activities and Artifacts at Site 205 | |
| Chapter 9 | The Marana Community in Comparative Context |
| Hohokam Communities in the Phoenix Basin; Hohokam Communities in the Tucson Basin and Other Noncore Areas | |
| References | |
| Index (PDF format) |
|
| Abstract | |
| 1.1 | The Hohokam tradition of southern Arizona |
| 1.2 | Correlation of Phoenix Basin and Tucson Basin Hohokam phase sequences |
| 1.3 | Typical vegetation community near the basin floor dominated by shrubs |
| 1.4 | Typical vegetation community on basin slopes dominated by leguminous trees and cacti |
| 1.5 | Major topographic features of the Tucson Basin |
| 1.6 | Aerial view of the portion of the northern Tucson Basin between the Tucson and Tortolita mountains |
| 1.7 | View across the northern Tucson Basin from the Tucson Mountains on the west toward the Tortolita Mountains on the east |
| 1.8 | Survey coverage north of Tucson |
| 2.1 | Late Archaic through Pioneer period settlement in the Marana survey area |
| 2.2 | Cumulative frequency comparison of Late Archaic tool assemblages from a site on an alluvial fan near the Santa Cruz River and a site on the upper bajada |
| 2.3 | Locations of Late Archaic sites in Table 2.1 |
| 3.1 | Preclassic settlement in the Marana survey area |
| 3.2 | Early Classic period settlement in the Marana survey area |
| 3.3 | Tanque Verde Red-on-brown ceramics of the early Classic period |
| 3.4 | Late Classic period settlement in the Marana survey area |
| 3.5 | The Marana platform mound and surrounding compound |
| 3.6 | Distribution of adobe architectural remains and trash mounds associated with residential compounds at the Marana Mound Site |
| 3.7 | Outlines of compound wall and rooms identified by partial excavation of a large residential compound at the Marana Mound Site |
| 3.8 | Idealized basin cross section, showing zonal divisions of the Marana Community |
| 3.9 | Zonal divisions of the Marana Community |
| 3.10 | Terraces and other masonry features at the largest Tucson Mountain trincheras site in the Marana Community |
| 3.11 | Plan and cross section of an excavated pit house on a trincheras site terrace in the Marana Community |
| 3.12 | Histogram of habitation site sizes in the Marana Community |
| 4.1 | Locations of weather stations in Tables 4.1 and 4.2 |
| 4.2 | Braided channel of a drainage on the upper bajada downslope from the Tortolita Mountain pediment in the Marana survey area |
| 4.3 | Segment of Derrio Wash with arable bottomland on the upper bajada in the Marana survey area |
| 4.4 | Water diversion structure on a tributary of the Rio Sonora near Baviacora, Sonora |
| 4.5 | Earthen embankment for intrafield distribution of water along a tributary of the Rio Sonora near Baviacora, Sonora |
| 4.6 | Canal carrying diverted floodwaters to multiple fields along a tributary of the Rio Sonora near Baviacora, Sonora |
| 5.1 | Geomorphic map of the surveyed area north of Tucson |
| 5.2 | Typical exposure of well-stratified channel gravelly sand facies |
| 5.3 | Typical exposure of sheetwash silty sand facies |
| 5.4 | Aerial photograph of Cottonwood Fan in the Marana survey area |
| 5.5 | Longitudinal profile of Derrio Fan in the Marana survey area |
| 5.6 | Longitudinal profile of a small fan in the Marana survey area |
| 5.7 | Locations of fan channel calculations in Table 5.3 |
| 6.1 | View downslope along a section of the Dairy Site profile |
| 6.2 | Dairy Site profile, showing locations of features |
| 6.3 | Central portion of the Dairy Site profile, showing stratigraphic relationships of chronologically significant features |
| 7.1 | Agave Murpheyi with flowering stalk |
| 7.2 | Roasted hearts or heads of agave prepared by removal of leaves and extended baking in a pit |
| 7.3 | A comparison of the modern range of agave species with evidence for prehistoric production and use in southern Arizona |
| 7.4 | Typical rockpile feature in the Marana survey area |
| 7.5 | Cross section of an excavated rockpile |
| 7.6 | Typical contour terrace in the Marana survey area |
| 7.7 | Distribution of features in a portion of site AZ AA:12:108, a large rockpile field in Zone 2 of the Marana Community |
| 7.8 | Distribution of features in a portion of site AZ AA:12:470, a large rockpile field in Zone 2 of the Marana Community |
| 7.9 | Distribution of features at site AZ AA:12:469, one of the many small groups of rockpiles in Zone 2 of the Marana Community |
| 7.10 | Three basin cross sections from north to south in the Marana Community, showing elevational limits of rockpile fields in Zone 2 |
| 7.11 | Typical large roasting pit located in a large rockpile field in Zone 2 of the Marana Community |
| 7.12 | Agave knife from the Marana Community |
| 7.13 | Pulping planes from the Marana Community |
| 7.14 | Ground stone object of uncertain function from a rockpile field in Zone 2 of the Marana Community |
| 8.1 | Location of site AZ AA:12:205 in the Marana survey area |
| 8.2 | Map of site AZ AA:12:205 |
| 8.3 | Cross section of a bisected rockpile, showing the stratigraphy and the relationship to the underlying caliche layer at size AZ AA:12:205 |
| 8.4 | Excavated roasting pit at site AZ AA:12:205, showing size and depth, fire-cracked rock, and ashy fill containing charred vegetal material |
| 8.5 | Scattergram of the weight and number of sherds of the 82 refitted vessel fragments from site AZ AA:12:205 |
| 8.6 | Sherd tools from roasting pits |
| 9.1 | Distribution of Classic period mound sites in southern Arizona |
| 2.1 | Late Archaic sites in the Tucson area with evidence of corn |
| 3.1 | Comparison of site categories for the Preclassic and Classic periods |
| 4.1 | Annual precipitation measures for stations in the Tucson Basin and other Hohokam subareas |
| 4.2 | July, August and September precipitation for stations in the Tucson Basin and other Hohokam subareas |
| 4.3 | Mountain watershed sizes for trans-bajada drainages in the Marana survey area |
| 5.1 | Drainage characteristics of selected washes in the surveyed area north of Tucson |
| 5.2 | Amount of active fan area on selected fans in the surveyed area north of Tucson |
| 5.3 | Minimum bankful discharge calculations for channels on three fans in the Marana survey area |
| 6.1 | Feature and chronology information for the Dairy Site (AZ AA:12:285) |
| 6.2 | Percentages of pollen types in samples from the Dairy Site |
| 6.3 | Numbers of flotation samples containing carbonized plant remains at the Dairy Site |
| 6.4 | Faunal remains from the Dairy Site |
| 8.1 | Wood charcoal recovered by flotation from the roasting pit at site AZ AA:12:205 |
| 8.2 | Weights and numbers of sherds for 82 vessel fragments isolated from the ceramic assemblage of site AZ AA:12:205 |
| 8.3 | Weights of 20 whole vessels from southern Arizona |
| 9.1 | Estimated statistics for some key Hohokam communities |
|
Next: Preface Previous: Title Page UAP Online Books | UAP Home Page |